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+import * as THREE from 'three';
+import { GLTFLoader } from 'three/addons/loaders/GLTFLoader.js';
+
+/**
+ * Loads bluebey.glb and works out everything the studio needs to know about it:
+ * the rig, which meshes are the face overlays, and the original hand-drawn
+ * textures that ship inside the file.
+ *
+ * The GLB layout (materials carry the reliable names; meshes are named after
+ * Blender objects):
+ *   body parts   Body, Foots, Leaf, Vein, LeftHand, RightHand, Nose
+ *   overlays     eyes-* (eight hand-drawn variants, one texture each) and Mouth
+ *   face plates  eyes-plate / mouth-plate, the big shells the studio draws on
+ *
+ * The two face plates are what the artwork is painted onto. They are the front
+ * half of the body, so wherever the drawing lands there is a surface to carry
+ * it - the old hand-drawn planes only covered a patch of the head, which clipped
+ * the bottom of a deep smile and most of a teardrop. When a model has no plates
+ * (the 2022 file), the studio falls back to drawing on the hand-drawn planes.
+ */
+
+/** Hand-drawn texture variants inside the GLB, keyed by their material suffix. */
+export const EYE_VARIANTS = [
+  { key: 'opened', label: '開いた目' },
+  { key: 'closed', label: '閉じた目' },
+  { key: 'close-tight', label: 'ぎゅっと閉じ' },
+  { key: 'left-wink', label: '左ウインク' },
+  { key: 'look-up', label: '上を見る' },
+  { key: 'look-down', label: '下を見る' },
+  { key: 'look-left', label: '左を見る' },
+  { key: 'look-right', label: '右を見る' },
+];
+
+/**
+ * Friendly names for the eleven bones of the rig. Keys are lower-cased with
+ * dots removed, because three's GLTFLoader sanitises node names (`armsupport.l`
+ * arrives as `armsupportl`).
+ */
+const BONE_LABELS = {
+  master: '全身',
+  armsupportl: '左うでの付け根',
+  arml: '左うで',
+  handl: '左手先',
+  armr: '右うで',
+  handr: '右手先',
+  legsupportl: '左あしの付け根',
+  footl: '左足',
+  toel: '左つまさき',
+  legsupportr: '右あしの付け根',
+  footr: '右足',
+  toer: '右つまさき',
+};
+
+const normalizeBoneName = (name) => (name ?? '').replace(/[.\s]/g, '').toLowerCase();
+
+/**
+ * The overlay planes hug the head, so nudge them outwards before anything else
+ * happens. They are pushed along their own normals (not away from the head
+ * centre): the mouth in particular needs to clear the head's lower surface and
+ * the ring of leaves around the base, otherwise a low or frowning mouth gets
+ * swallowed by them.
+ */
+const OVERLAY_INFLATE = { eyes: 0.004, mouth: 0.004 };
+
+export async function loadModel(source, { onProgress } = {}) {
+  const loader = new GLTFLoader();
+  let gltf;
+  if (typeof source === 'string') {
+    gltf = await loader.loadAsync(source, (event) => {
+      if (onProgress && event.lengthComputable) onProgress(event.loaded / event.total);
+    });
+  } else {
+    // A File/ArrayBuffer, e.g. from drag and drop or the file picker.
+    gltf = await loader.parseAsync(source, '');
+  }
+
+  const root = gltf.scene;
+
+  // The file carries its own camera node; we drive our own.
+  const cameras = [];
+  root.traverse((object) => { if (object.isCamera) cameras.push(object); });
+  for (const camera of cameras) camera.removeFromParent();
+
+  const eyes = new Map();
+  const body = [];
+  /** The original material name of every body mesh (`blb`, `leaf`, `vein`, ...). */
+  const kinds = new Map();
+  /** The plane holding the hand-drawn mouth texture (a texture source only). */
+  let mouthOriginal = null;
+  /** The big shells the artwork is drawn onto, if the file has them. */
+  let eyePlate = null;
+  let mouthPlate = null;
+
+  root.traverse((object) => {
+    if (!object.isMesh) return;
+    // Skinned bounds stop matching the pose, so culling would pop meshes away.
+    object.frustumCulled = false;
+    const material = Array.isArray(object.material) ? object.material[0] : object.material;
+    const materialName = (material?.name ?? '').toLowerCase();
+    if (materialName === 'eyes-plate') {
+      eyePlate = object;
+      return;
+    }
+    if (materialName === 'mouth-plate') {
+      mouthPlate = object;
+      return;
+    }
+    if (materialName.startsWith('eyes-')) {
+      eyes.set(materialName.slice('eyes-'.length), object);
+      return;
+    }
+    if (materialName === 'mouth') {
+      mouthOriginal = object;
+      return;
+    }
+    body.push(object);
+    kinds.set(object, materialName);
+  });
+
+  // The waist leaves - the `Leaf` blade and the `Vein` rim that shares its mesh.
+  // These are the thin, overlapping shells the inverted-hull outline cannot draw
+  // (see MODEL-GUIDE.md §5), so the screen-space pass takes them over on its own.
+  const leaves = body.filter((mesh) => kinds.get(mesh) === 'leaf' || kinds.get(mesh) === 'vein');
+
+  // The drawing surface: the big plate when present, otherwise the 2022 plane.
+  const eyeMesh = eyePlate ?? eyes.get('opened') ?? eyes.values().next().value;
+  const mouth = mouthPlate ?? mouthOriginal;
+  if (!eyeMesh) throw new Error('eye mesh not found in the GLB');
+  if (!mouth) throw new Error('mouth mesh not found in the GLB');
+
+  // The nose ball. It is a bump sitting on the body rather than a part with a
+  // silhouette of its own, so the outline pass treats it per style - see
+  // `outlineExclusion` in main.js.
+  const noseMesh = body.find((mesh) => (mesh.material?.name ?? '').toLowerCase() === 'nose') ?? null;
+
+  // Only the drawing surface stays visible; every other overlay is a texture
+  // source, so hide it. (`mouthOriginal` may be the drawing surface itself.)
+  for (const mesh of eyes.values()) mesh.visible = mesh === eyeMesh;
+  if (mouthOriginal && mouthOriginal !== mouth) mouthOriginal.visible = false;
+  if (mouthPlate && eyePlate) mouthPlate.visible = true;
+
+  /** @type {{ eyes: Record<string, THREE.Texture>, mouth: THREE.Texture|null }} */
+  const originals = { eyes: {}, mouth: mouthOriginal?.material?.map ?? mouth.material.map ?? null };
+  for (const [key, mesh] of eyes) {
+    if (mesh.material.map) originals.eyes[key] = mesh.material.map;
+  }
+
+  // Push the overlay planes a hair off the body surface, so the two do not
+  // z-fight. The plates are shells of the body, so the offset is tiny; a large
+  // one is what made the mouth look like it floated in profile.
+  const bodyMesh = body.find((mesh) => mesh.geometry?.attributes?.position?.count > 2000) ?? body[0];
+  const headCentre = new THREE.Box3()
+    .setFromBufferAttribute(bodyMesh.geometry.attributes.position)
+    .getCenter(new THREE.Vector3());
+  inflateOverlay(eyeMesh, headCentre, OVERLAY_INFLATE.eyes);
+  inflateOverlay(mouth, headCentre, OVERLAY_INFLATE.mouth);
+
+  // Recentre: put the character on the origin with its feet on the ground so the
+  // camera maths stays trivial.
+  const box = new THREE.Box3().setFromObject(root);
+  const centre = box.getCenter(new THREE.Vector3());
+  root.position.x -= centre.x;
+  root.position.z -= centre.z;
+  root.position.y -= box.min.y;
+  root.updateMatrixWorld(true);
+
+  const bounds = new THREE.Box3().setFromObject(root);
+  const size = bounds.getSize(new THREE.Vector3());
+  const middle = bounds.getCenter(new THREE.Vector3());
+
+  const skinned = [];
+  root.traverse((object) => { if (object.isSkinnedMesh && object.skeleton) skinned.push(object); });
+  const skeleton = skinned[0]?.skeleton ?? null;
+
+  const bones = [];
+  if (skeleton) {
+    for (const bone of skeleton.bones) {
+      bones.push({
+        name: bone.name,
+        label: BONE_LABELS[normalizeBoneName(bone.name)] ?? bone.name,
+        bone,
+        rest: bone.quaternion.clone(),
+      });
+    }
+  }
+
+  return {
+    gltf,
+    root,
+    size,
+    middle,
+    bounds,
+    skeleton,
+    bones,
+    parts: {
+      body,
+      kinds,
+      leaves,
+      overlays: [eyeMesh, mouth],
+      eyeMesh,
+      mouthMesh: mouth,
+      noseMesh,
+      hasFacePlates: Boolean(eyePlate && mouthPlate),
+    },
+    originals,
+  };
+}
+
+function inflateOverlay(mesh, centre, distance) {
+  const geometry = mesh.geometry;
+  const position = geometry?.attributes?.position;
+  if (!position) return;
+  const normal = geometry.attributes.normal;
+  const radial = new THREE.Vector3();
+  const offset = new THREE.Vector3();
+  const vertexNormal = new THREE.Vector3();
+  for (let i = 0; i < position.count; i++) {
+    radial.fromBufferAttribute(position, i).sub(centre);
+    if (radial.lengthSq() < 1e-12) continue;
+    offset.copy(radial).normalize();
+    if (normal) {
+      // The planes are double sided, so the stored normal may point either way.
+      vertexNormal.fromBufferAttribute(normal, i);
+      if (vertexNormal.lengthSq() > 1e-12) {
+        if (vertexNormal.dot(offset) < 0) vertexNormal.negate();
+        offset.copy(vertexNormal.normalize());
+      }
+    }
+    position.setXYZ(
+      i,
+      position.getX(i) + offset.x * distance,
+      position.getY(i) + offset.y * distance,
+      position.getZ(i) + offset.z * distance,
+    );
+  }
+  position.needsUpdate = true;
+  geometry.computeBoundingBox();
+  geometry.computeBoundingSphere();
+}